從申訴到召回：NHTSA 缺陷調查怎麼運作
美國安全調查的各個階段、各需要多久、案號代表什麼、車廠怎麼回應，以及本站追蹤車款目前有哪些進行中的調查。
本站的每一件召回都始於某人注意到的一個模式。有時是車廠先在保固理賠裡注意到；更多時候，模式藏在構成本站大部分內容的車主申訴裡，注意到它的是美國國家公路交通安全管理局的缺陷調查辦公室。這篇文章說明從一群申訴到一封召回信之間發生了什麼，以及怎麼讀車款頁上出現的調查條目。
調查從哪裡來
ODI 持續篩選進來的申訴，尋找群聚：同一個零件、同一種症狀、同一批年款。它也接收車廠必須提交的預警資料，包括保固理賠、現場報告、受傷與死亡，並關注碰撞資料庫與新聞。任何民眾都可以提出缺陷請願要求主管機關調查，在資料裡以 DP 案號出現。不過大多數調查始於分析師判斷某個申訴群聚值得仔細看。
各個階段
初步評估（PE）
第一個正式步驟。主管機關向車廠發出資訊要求：多少台車、多少保固理賠、多少現場報告、工程上的解釋是什麼、已經做了什麼。車廠通常有一到兩個月回覆。主管機關自訂的目標是在大約四個月內結束初步評估，不是結案就是升級。很多案子拖得更久。
工程分析（EA）
更深入的階段，在初步評估找到足夠理由進行測試與詳細分析時開啟。ODI 可能買車、在自己的設施測試、委託外部測試，並與車廠工程師開會。自訂目標是在大約一年內做出決定。工程分析通常以三種方式之一結束：車廠宣布召回、主管機關以「未能確立缺陷趨勢」結案，或極少見地，主管機關做出缺陷存在的初步認定並朝命令召回推進。
召回查詢（RQ）
在召回已經存在但申訴持續時開啟：處置可能無效、範圍可能太窄、或車輛可能被修錯。Telluride 遠光燈召回、Kia 活塞環召回，以及本資料庫裡幾件燃油泵召回，都曾有召回查詢。召回維修後仍通報問題的車主是主要來源。
稽核查詢（AQ）
檢查召回執行得如何：完成率、零件供應、車主是否被通知、處置是否照描述執行。
怎麼讀案號
像 PE23002 這樣的案號編碼了類型、開啟年份與流水號：2023 年的第二件初步評估。本站每個調查條目顯示 ODI 指定的主題、零件、開啟日期、結案日期（若已結案）、涵蓋年款，以及若有結果的召回案號。進行中的調查是懷疑的陳述，不是認定。沒有召回就結案代表主管機關未確立缺陷趨勢，不等於問題不存在；好幾件這樣的案子後來因為更多資料而重啟。
目前進行中的調查
下方清單由本月資料產生：仍在進行、且涉及至少一款追蹤車款的調查。點進車款可看申訴脈絡。
目前的資料現況 · 2026-09-02
進行中: 35 · 缺陷調查: 110
- Electronic Brake Module Component Failure 進行中
On April 11, 2024, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation PE24011 after receiving complaints concerning a loss of brake assist in 2023 MY Cadillac Lyriq vehicles. These complaints allege a hard brake pedal, followed by a âBrake System Failureâ message at start up or while driving. GM shared records regarding several internal investigations for loss of brake ass…
- Loss of motive power due to engine failure post recall remedy 進行中
On January 16, 2026, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Recall Query RQ26001. This investigation was opened to assess the remedy effectiveness of Recall 25V-274. ODI has received complaints alleging engine failure in vehicles after the recall remedy had been completed, whether that remedy involved an oil viscosity change or a complete engine replacement. General Motors (GM) issued …
- Lower Lateral Link detachment 進行中
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has received 156 complaints alleging a suspension failure in model year (MY) 2018-2020 Model 3 and MY 2021-2023 Model Y vehicles. The suspension failure involves the detachment of the front lower lateral link, which potentially causes a loss of vehicle directional control. In most cases, there was no advance warning or indication that the suspension failur…
- NU Car rental of vehicles with open recalls 進行中
NHTSA is opening this Audit Query (AQ) to investigate NU Car Rentals (NU Car) for compliance with the requirements of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act.The Safety Act requires that a rental company shall not rent a vehicle subject to a safety recall unless the recall remedy has been performed. 49 U.S.C. § 30120(i). NHTSA is in receipt of information that indicates NU Car rented at…
- FSD Collisions in Reduced Roadway Visibility Conditions 進行中
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) is opening this Engineering Analysis to evaluate Teslaâs Full Self Driving Beta and Full Self Driving (Supervised) (collectively, FSD) degradation detection system. The focus of this investigation will be to assess the systemâs ability, when encountering reduced roadway visibility conditions, to detect degradation and alert the driver with sufficient t…
- Recall 23V-413 Post Remedy Failures 進行中
On June 8, 2023, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles US, LLC (FCA) filed Safety Recall 23V-413 affecting certain 2022â2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee and2021â2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee L vehicles to address rear coil springs that may not have been properly installed during vehicle production. An improperly installed rear coil spring may detach while the vehicle is in motion, creating a road hazard that can incre…
- Loss of Motive Power 進行中
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has received 48 Vehicle Owner Questionnaire (VOQ) reports and some Early Warning Reporting (EWR) field reports alleging intermittent loss of motive power in Model Year (MY) 2020â2022 Honda CR-V Hybrid vehicles. Â These incidents are alleged to occur without warning at highway speeds and are accompanied by a flashing check engine light immediately before …
- Inaccurate Rear Passenger Seat Belt Warning Status 進行中
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has received 6 complaints, and multiple Early Warning Reporting (EWR) field reports alleging inaccurate rear seat belt warning status. These allegations concern both false positive and false negative statuses in model year (MY) 2023-2024 Honda Pilot vehicles manufactured by American Honda Motor Co. (Honda). The complaints state that the rear passenger seat…
- Loss of motive power due to engine failure 進行中
The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has received 1,157 reports of engine bearing failure failures in the L87 6.2L engine produced by General Motors (GM). Of the 1,157 reports received, 173 are outside of the scope of recall 25V-274. These engines are installed in Model Years (MY) 2019â2024 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 and GMC Sierra 1500, and 2021-2024MY Chevrolet Suburban and Tahoe, GMC Yukon…
- Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) Failure 進行中
The Office of Defects Investigations (ODI) is opening a Preliminary Evaluation on 2020 Model Year Jeep Gladiators and Wranglers involving a malfunctioning Instrument Panel Clusters (IPC) resulting in the loss of important vehicle metrics and other status information. ODI has received 89 Vehicle Owner Questionnaires (VOQs) alleging a complete or partial loss of the IPC display while driving.  Th…
召回讓車廠必須做什麼
一旦車廠決定召回或被命令召回，必須在五個工作天內通知 NHTSA、六十天內以郵件通知車主、免費提供處置，並在六季內每季回報完成率。處置可以是維修、更換、軟體更新，或極少見的買回。有起火風險的缺陷，通知可能要求車主停在戶外；有碰撞風險的，可能要求勿駕駛。這些標記顯示在本站每一筆召回條目上。
為什麼你的申訴重要
調查是從模式開啟的，而模式是由一則則個別看起來輕微的申訴累積成的。寫明零件、描述條件並附上里程的申訴，對篩選者的價值遠高於只說車子不安全的申訴。提出申訴的指南說明該寫什麼；每個車款頁的節錄則顯示其他車主已經寫了什麼。